Dream of the Red Chamber, also known as The Story of the Stone, is one of the most acclaimed works of Chinese literature, written by celebrated novelist Cao Xueqin during the middle part of the 18th century. It is generally considered the pinnacle of classic Chinese fiction and a masterpiece of realism, with its large cast of characters and detailed commentary on the social and political conditions of the time.
The novel mainly focuses on the life of the wealthy Jia family, headed by Grandmother Jia, who resides in their grand ancestral home, known as the Rongguo Mansion. After Grandmother Jia’s death, her children, grandchildren, nieces, and nephews all come to live in the family estate to partake in the complex relationships, politics, love affairs, and internal struggles among them.
Part of the novel’s success lies in the details it provides about daily life in 18th century China, from descriptions of household chores and etiquette to music and art. At the same time, the novel is replete with symbolism and allegory, such as the recurrent dream of a precious stone and the author’s many references to Taoist philosophy.
Cao Xueqin’s life and times are shrouded in mystery and speculation. It is generally believed that Cao Xueqin was born into a family of court officials and scholars, and that his grandfather had served as an imperial censor. His father, however, suffered financial ruin due to his involvement in a failed rebellion against the Qing Empire, leaving Cao Xueqin and his family impoverished.
Cao Xueqin wrote Dream of the Red Chamber while working as a librarian in Beijing, but he died at a young age before finishing the novel. It is believed that Gao E continued writing the novel based on notes and drafts left by Cao Xueqin or at the behest of his widow.
Dream of the Red Chamber is a crucial text in Chinese literature, influencing authors and readers alike. Its themes of loyalty, courage, and passion have been echoed in countless works of fiction and non-fiction since its publication. In addition, the novel has also been adapted into various film and television projects, ensuring its legacy for many years to come.