In order to run Windows, you will need various types of hardware depending on the version and purpose of your system. Generally speaking, you will need some type of central processing unit (CPU), a motherboard, memory, and storage. You will also likely require a power supply, cooling system, graphics card, audio and/or video cards, and inputs for peripherals such as keyboards and mice.
Central Processing Unit and Motherboard
The CPU is the brain of your computer and is responsible for performing calculations and executing commands from software. The speed and type of CPU you choose will depend upon the version of Windows you are running and the applications that you wish to use.
The motherboard is the basic circuit board onto which all components of your computer are connected. It serves to connect and control the CPU, memory, storage, expansion slots, and input and output ports. The size of the motherboard will determine the type of CPUs, memory, and expansion cards that can be used in your system.
Memory
Memory, or RAM, is the place in which your computer stores information while it is being used. It is also where software stores instructions while they are being executed by the CPU. The amount of RAM you will need depends on the version of Windows you intend to run, as well as the applications you plan to use. Generally speaking, most recent versions of Windows require between 4GB and 16GB of RAM.
Storage
Storage is where your computer stores files, documents, and other data when not in use. You will need to choose a form of storage based on the amount of space you need, as well as the type of data you plan to store. The most common forms are hard drives, solid-state drives, and optical storage devices such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-Ray discs.
Power Supply and Cooling System
The power supply provides electrical power to the components of your computer. It should be purchased based on the wattage requirements of your system, as an underpowered supply can damage components, while an overpowered supply may lead to higher electricity bills without improving performance.
The cooling system prevents components from overheating by cooling them with moving air or liquid. This system should be designed according to the specific requirements of your system, as overclocking can reduce its lifespan.
Graphics Card and Audio/Video Cards
A graphics card processes images and videos and passes them onto the monitor. This is an important element for gaming and viewing multimedia content. The type of card you choose will depend on the type of gaming or multimedia activities you wish to do.
Audio and video cards enable you to input sound or video signals from external devices such as audio players, microphones, and cameras. These cards must be compatible with your motherboard and the version of Windows you are running.
Inputs for Keyboards and Mice
Finally, you will need to connect your keyboard and mouse to your computer. You will need to ensure these devices are compatible with the version of Windows you are running, as well as with the type of port your motherboard has. Common ports include USB and PS/2.