The security risks of using a computer can be broadly divided into two main categories: physical and digital.
Physical security risks involve threats to the physical hardware, such as tampering or damage caused by someone trying to gain access to the system. This could involve theft of the computer itself, as well as the storage media such as hard drives and USB sticks. Other physical security risks include exposure to electromagnetic interference, liquid damage, fire and static shock.
Digital security risks are more frequent, and potentially more damaging, than physical risks. These risks include malicious software such as viruses, worms, and Trojan horses, which can corrupt or delete data as well as enable hackers or other malicious individuals to gain access to the system. Additionally, digital security risks encompass data breaches, phishing scams designed to steal personal information or money, and identity theft.
In addition to physical and digital security risks, there are also risks posed by improper use of computers, such as those related to privacy, copyright infringement, and inappropriate use of a computer for illegal activities. Data privacy risks involve the unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information, such as passwords, to third parties. Copyright infringement risks can arise from downloading copyrighted material without permission from the copyright holder. Finally, illegal activity risks involve the use of a computer for activities such as fraud, cyberstalking, or child exploitation.
Due to the broad range of security risks posed by computers, it is important to take steps to protect against these potential threats. Common strategies include installing and regularly updating anti-virus and anti-malware software, using strong passwords and enabling two-factor authentication, keeping the computer updated with the latest security patches, using a firewall, controlling access to the system with user accounts, and being aware of phishing scams. Additionally, users should ensure that they are familiar with their own country’s laws and regulations when it comes to computer security and privacy.